Using Neural
Networks to Detect Graph Properties
Description of the problem
Today, I’ll redo something that one of my students (Emre Yuksel) did in his
senior graduating thesis: I’ll construct neural network models to detect
regularity and bipartite-ness in graphs. To be clear: I am doing similar
experiments without using Emre’s code to see if we get similar
results.
Some theory
A graph
is called regular if every
vertex has the same degree. On the other hand a graph is called bipartite if
one can color vertices in two colors such that no pair vertices of the
same color are connected by an edge.
Neural network model
Let us start by importing our libraries:
import tensorflow.keras as ks
import networkx as nx
import numpy as np
from random import random
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
from sklearn.metrics import accuracy_score
I am going to need two functions that return a mixture of random
graphs and graphs of certain type.
def randomGraphs(n,m,p,q,regular=True):
X = []
y = []
for i in range(n):
s = random()
r = p + (q-p)*random()
cls = 1
if s<0.5:
res = nx.random_graphs.fast_gnp_random_graph(m,r)
cls = 0
elif regular:
res = nx.random_graphs.random_regular_graph(int(m*r),m)
else:
ell = int(s*m)
res = nx.bipartite.random_graph(ell,m-ell,r)
X.append(np.array(nx.adjacency_matrix(res).toarray().flatten()))
y.append(cls)
return (np.array(X),np.array(y))
And here is the code for the experiment itself:
def Experiment(N,m,p,q,regular=True,epochs=10):
X,y = randomGraphs(N,m,p,q,regular)
x_train, x_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(X,y)
model = ks.Sequential()
model.add(ks.layers.Dense(m*m,activation='relu'))
model.add(ks.layers.Dropout(0.5))
model.add(ks.layers.Dense(m,activation='relu'))
model.add(ks.layers.Dropout(0.25))
model.add(ks.layers.Dense(1,activation='sigmoid'))
model.compile(optimizer='adam',loss='binary_crossentropy',metrics=['accuracy'])
model.fit(x_train, y_train, epochs=epochs, batch_size=int(N/epochs))
y_pred = model.predict_classes(x_test)
return accuracy_score(y_pred,y_test)
Testing regularity
print(Experiment(2000,50,0.2,0.3,True,25))
Epoch 1/25
19/19 [==============================] - 1s 52ms/step - loss: 0.7299 - accuracy: 0.5740
...
Epoch 25/25
19/19 [==============================] - 1s 49ms/step - loss: 0.0354 - accuracy: 0.9900
0.908
Testing bipartite
print(Experiment(1200,50,0.2,0.3,False,10))
Epoch 1/10
8/8 [==============================] - 1s 50ms/step - loss: 0.6087 - accuracy: 0.7289
...
Epoch 10/10
8/8 [==============================] - 0s 51ms/step - loss: 0.0046 - accuracy: 1.0000
1.0
An analysis
First experiment yielded 91% accuracy while the second yielded 100%.
It looks like using Neural Network models to detect graph properties
does work!
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